{"id":46,"date":"2019-03-21T12:13:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-21T12:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avo6.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/21\/ces-virus-oncogenes-causent-le-cancer-chez-lhomme\/"},"modified":"2022-09-28T20:47:55","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T20:47:55","slug":"ces-virus-oncogenes-causent-le-cancer-chez-lhomme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avo6.com\/?p=46","title":{"rendered":"Ces Virus Oncog\u00e8nes Causent Le Cancer Chez l’Homme"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Virus oncog\u00e8nes<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>I.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>GENERALITES<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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1.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Crit\u00e8res biologiques de l\u2019association Virus-Tumeur<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Pr\u00e9sence du virus dans les tissus tumoraux<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Pr\u00e9sence du virus avant le d\u00e9veloppement de la maladie<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Persistance<\/span><\/b> du virus<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Pr\u00e9vention du d\u00e9veloppement de la tumeur par pr\u00e9vention de l\u2019infection virale<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Localisation des virus dans des tissus appropri\u00e9s (notion de tissus cibles)<\/span><\/div>\n

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2.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Pouvoir oncog\u00e8ne<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Capacit\u00e9 d\u20191 virus \u00e0 induire la formation de tumeur chez l\u2019homme ou l\u2019animal de mani\u00e8re reproductible (oncos = tumeur)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>premier virus oncog\u00e8ne d\u00e9couvert en 1911 par Dr Rous<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 <\/span>Virus de sarcome de Rous<\/b> (RSV)<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
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3.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Pouvoir transformant<\/span><\/u><\/b>\u00a0:<\/u><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de certains virus \u00e0 induire dans cellules saines en culture l\u2019apparition des\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des cellules canc\u00e9reuses (transformation cellulaire).<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Les virus n\u2019ont d\u2019effet transformant que sur les cellules non permissives= incapables\u00a0 \u00a0de r\u00e9pliquer compl\u00e8tements le virus.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Dans ces cellules l\u2019infection est limit\u00e9e aux 1\u00e8res \u00e9tapes de la r\u00e9plication virale\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>(r\u00e9plication abortive).<\/span><\/div>\n
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4. <\/span><\/span><\/b>M\u00e9canismes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de la prolif\u00e9ration cellulaire normale<\/span><\/u><\/b>\u00a0:<\/u><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>deux cat\u00e9gories de g\u00e8nes entrent en jeux: <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Proto-oncog\u00e8nes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0: G\u00e8nes de prolif\u00e9ration normale (gouvern\u00e9s par signaux re\u00e7us) <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Anti-oncog\u00e8nes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0: Suppresseurs de tumeurs ou g\u00e8nes freins, ils Inhibent la multiplication cellulaire en s\u2019opposant aux proto-oncog\u00e8nes (Rb= 1er d\u00e9couvert) <\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>II.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>MECANISMES DE TRANSFORMATION ASSOCIES AUX VIRUS\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>On distingue trois m\u00e9canismes\u00a0: <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Oncog\u00e8ne viral <\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Mutag\u00e9n\u00e8se insertionnelle <\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00fc\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Cycle de n\u00e9crose\/r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration<\/span><\/b> <\/b><\/div>\n
1. <\/span><\/span><\/b>Oncog\u00e8ne viral\u00a0:<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Expression des prot\u00e9ines virales<\/span><\/b> (Virus \u00e0 ADN surtout)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Perturbation de diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments du cycle cellulaire:<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Alt\u00e9ration voies signalisation intracellulaires ou activation directe de la \/ Cellulaire => surexpression r\u00f4le d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Blocage de l\u2019action des anti oncog\u00e8nes ou g\u00e8nes suppresseurs de tumeurs qui r\u00e9gulent inhibition de la \/ cellulaire induisant la differentiation\u00a0; ou apoptose => inhibition r\u00f4le bloqueur.<\/span><\/div>\n
2. <\/span><\/span><\/b>Mutagen\u00e8se insertionnelle (retrovirus surtout)<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Perturbation de diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments du cycle cellulaire:<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Surexpression de g\u00e8nes cellulaires ayant activit\u00e9 sur multiplication cellulaire<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Inactivation des anti oncog\u00e8nes (tr\u00e8s rare)<\/span><\/div>\n
3. <\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>Cycle n\u00e9crose \/ r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration (HBV, HCV)<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Aspect indirect<\/b> oncogen\u00e8se viro-induite=> r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration chronique et continue\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0des cellules h\u00e9patiques=> *t\u00b0 risque mutag\u00e8ne avec \u00e9mergence de clone de\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0cellules canc\u00e9reuses. <\/span><\/div>\n
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III.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>PROPRIETES DES PRINCIPAUX\u00a0 <\/span>ONCOVIRUS HUMAINS<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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1. <\/span><\/span><\/b>HTLV -1\u00a0:Human T-cell leukemia virus <\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>premier r\u00e9trovirus reli\u00e9 formellement \u00e0 cancer humain\u00a0<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Non ubiquitaire, End\u00e9mique en Am\u00e9rique centrale, en Afrique subsaharienne, en\u00a0 \u00a0 Oc\u00e9anie et au Japon o\u00f9 pr\u00e8s de 15 % de la population est<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>s\u00e9ropositive pour ce virus<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Transmission: sexuelle+++ allaitement, sang<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Longue incubation \u00ab\u00a0quelques ann\u00e9es \u00e0 quelques dizaines \u00a0<\/span>d\u2019ann\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>M\u00e9canisme de l\u2019oncogen\u00e8se\u00a0: activation de la transcription des proto-oncong\u00e8nes\u00a0:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 g\u00e8nes assurant la multiplication et la prolif\u00e9ration cellulaire.<\/span><\/div>\n
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2. <\/span><\/span><\/b>HCV<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Transmission: Parent\u00e9rale+++, sexuelle , materno-f\u0153tale\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b>M\u00e9canisme de l\u2019oncogn\u00e8se\u00a0:<\/span><\/u><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n
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3. <\/span><\/span><\/b>HBV\u00a0:<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Transmission: sexuelle, parent\u00e9rale,\u00a0 <\/span>materno f\u0153tale (lait ???)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Forte charge virale => contagiosit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e!!! <\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n
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a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b>M\u00e9canisme de l\u2019oncogen\u00e8se\u00a0:<\/span><\/u><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Direct\u00a0: <\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>L\u2019insertion<\/span><\/b> du g\u00e9nome viral ds le g\u00e9nome cellulaire\u00a0: Mutag\u00e9n\u00e8se insertionnelle<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Production <\/span><\/b>d\u2019une prot\u00e9ine virale HBx <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Prolif\u00e9ration incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e des cellules suite \u00e0 une surexpression des g\u00e8nes cellulaires \u00e0 activit\u00e9 positive sur la croissance cellulaire<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Indirect\u00a0<\/span><\/b>: cycle de n\u00e9crose\/r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
4.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span>EBV<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>D\u00e9couverte= lors de la mise en culture d\u2019un lymphome de Burkitt<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Puissant inducteur in vitro de l\u2019immortalisation et de la transformation des lymphocytes B<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Malgr\u00e9 potentiel tumoral + fr\u00e9quence tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e de l\u2019EBV => 95 % de la population mondiale, pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019EBV reste asymptomatique chez la majorit\u00e9 des sujets infect\u00e9s<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Virus ubiquitaire<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Infection des cellules \u00e9pith\u00e9liales et pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiellement lymphocytes GP350-CD21, et GP42-HLA II<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Transmission: Salive, Materno-f\u0153tale, sang, sexuelle (exceptionnelle) <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Deux types de virus, 1 et 2, ou A et B chez l\u2019homme => type 1\u00a0 <\/span>plus fr\u00e9quent en Am\u00e9rique \u2260 type 2 en Afrique <\/span><\/div>\n
a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b>M\u00e9canisme d\u2019oncogen\u00e8se\u00a0:<\/span><\/u><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>lymphocytes B infect\u00e9s in vitro par l\u2019EBV => acquisition immortalit\u00e9 <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>la phase de latence=> seuls dix g\u00e8nes exprim\u00e9s permettant la production de :<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Six prot\u00e9ines nucl\u00e9aires, dites prot\u00e9ines de latence : EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1, 2, 3A, 3B, leader protein (LP) et 3C<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Trois prot\u00e9ines de membrane \u00ab\u00a0latent membrane protein\u00a0\u00bb (LMP) 1, 2A et 2B<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Deux ARN nucl\u00e9aires EBV encoded small RNA (EBER) 1 et 2 .<\/span><\/div>\n
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5.<\/span><\/span><\/b>HHV8\u00a0:<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Diff\u00e9rent des autres herpesvirus => HHV-8 non ubiquitaire<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Zones de faible end\u00e9mie virale (Europe, Am\u00e9rique du Nord), homosexuels masculins = principale population infect\u00e9e<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Zones de forte end\u00e9mie, (une partie importante de l\u2019Afrique et du Bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en)= pr\u00e9valence du virus \u00e9lev\u00e9e dans la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Virus latent dans la majorit\u00e9 des cellules infect\u00e9es (m\u00e9thylation s\u00e9quences promotrices) => g\u00e9nome sous forme \u00e9pisomale<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9activation: r\u00e9plication virale=> th\u00e9oriquement cycle lytique <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>transmission essentiellement sexuelle<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>r\u00f4le salive<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Diff\u00e9rents sous-types li\u00e9s \u00e0 la g\u00e9ographie<\/span><\/div>\n
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6. <\/span><\/span><\/b>HPV\/<\/span><\/u><\/b>Autres virus\u00a0:<\/span><\/u><\/i><\/b><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
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IV.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>STRATEGIES PREVENTIVES\u00a0 <\/span>ET THERAPEUTIQUES <\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Pr\u00e9venir l\u2019infection virale<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Vaccination (HBV,HPV)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>Pr\u00e9vention de la transmission (IST\u2026)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span>Inhibition de la r\u00e9plication virale:<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>TTT infections chroniques (HBV,HCV)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span>Au stade tardif:<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00fc <\/span><\/span>TTT sp\u00e9cifique anti tumoral<\/span><\/div>\n
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